Interleukins (ILs) are a large group of cytokines that are produced mainly by leukocytes, although some are produced by certain phagocytes and auxiliary cells. Each IL acts on a specific, limited group of cells through a receptor specific for that IL. Interleukin 1 (IL1), originally known as lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), activates T cells and lymphocytes, which then proliferate and secrete interleukin 2. IL1 is primarily released from stimulated macrophages and monocytes, but also is

Mouse macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), also known as CXCL2, was originally identified as a heparin-binding protein secreted by an LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line. A cDNA clone encoding the protein was isolated from this cell line and characterized. Based on its protein and DNA sequences, mouse MIP-2 was classified as a member of the alpha (CXC) chemokine family of inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines).Mouse MIP-2 cDNA encodes a 100 amino acid residue precursor prot

IL15 (114 amino acids) is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. It has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 12.5 kDa. Human IL15 shares approximately 97% and 73% amino acid sequence identity with simian and mouse IL15, respectively. Both human and simian IL15 are active on mouse cells. IL15 was initially isolated from the simian kidney epithelial cell line CV1/EBNA. It has also been isolated from mouse and human cell sources. The cytokine

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that actsas a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokinestimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functionsthrough the interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R), which activatesdifferent signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thusconnects this cytokine to various biological processes. The geneencoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene forasthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demo

Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Augments monocyte anti-tumor activity. Has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis. Monomer or homodimer; in equilibrium. Binds to CCR2 and CCR4. Is tethered on endothelial cells by